Heating system.



R. M. DIXON.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAYQ, 1907.

1,062,639. Patented May 2?, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

INTO IVEYS R, M. DIXON.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9, 1907,

Patented May 27, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ternal outrun LClBERT M. IDIXON, OF ORANGE, JERSEY, Ai'SSIGNOR, BY BEESNE ASSIGN-h I MENTS, T0 STANDARD HEEL? VENTILATIQN COMIANY, ENG,

'N. Y., A CDRPORATIQN 0F NEW'YGRK.

or new some 'HEAQING srsrnm.

Pei-tented May $7, 1913.

Serial No. 372,759

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Bonner M. Dixon, re-

siding at East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating'Systems, of which the following is a full, cleer,'end exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to heating apparatus and more particularly to systems adapted for heating railway cars or like structures.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a heating system wherein the inressure may be maintained at substantia ly that of the atmosphere without re:

gerd-tothe normal pressure within the train 1 e.. ilincther object thereof is to provide a heating system of the above type which may be installed and maintainedut a minimum of cost, and such thut'the roper regulation of the radiating system with regard to the amount of heat units necessary to heat the car properly under varying climatic condi -tions may be effected with greater facility and exactness.

A further object of my invention is to provide automatic regulating means for a heating system of the above type which will operate in an accurate manner though constructed of comparatively few parts.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts which will be'exemplified in the construction herein after set forth, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein is illustrated one ofthe various possible cmhodiments of my invention, Figure 1 is s View in perspective showing a floor plan of a railway car equipped with a heating system constructed in accordance therewith; Fig. 52 is a view in plan portly broken away and partly in section showingthe menus employed for regulating the system; Fig. 3 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of that part of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 2;

imiler reference characters refer to simii211 parts throughout the several views'of the drawings.

Referring now to the drawings, the train pipe l, which is shown in dotted lines as extending longitudinally of the car beneath the door, is supplied with steam under pressure from the locomotive. Branch pipes as .at 2, and 3, extend laterally from the train pipe to supply steam for independent radisting systems which in the present instance are arranged at each side or" the car. Inns much as the radiating systems located upon either side of the car are identical, but. one of these need be described, in order to imparta clear understending'o'f my invention, and for convenience the one upon the right hand side will be described herein.

Branch pipe 3, which extends laterally from the train pipe, is furnished with it manually operated valve as at- 4;, through the instrumentulity of which the steam may be entirely shut off from the radiuting'sys' tem which is supplied thereby. This branch pipe leads into a fitting 5 into which a feed conduit 6 is threaded, said feed conduitat its opposite end having a threaded connection with a casting 7. Casting 7 is provided with upwardly inclined passageway 8, and communicating with this passageway and extending from either encl'longitudinully of the cor toward either end thereof are radiat ing' pipes 9. Pipes 9 have, at "their outer ends, return elbows 10, from. which extend return pipes 11, the latter being threaded coetlicient of expansion, in'the present in stance iron, and that discharge conduit 13 is formed of a metal of relatively high coe'lficient of expansion, in the present instance brass. i

Threaded upon the outer end of discharge conduit l3 is a conduit H. which in the pres cnt instance is of substantially the form of a return elbow, said conduit having it drain age aperture 15 in its lower portion which communicates with the atmosphere by means of a downwardly extending pipe 16. to conduit 14 may he had by means of a plug 17 threaded therein.

10s A cess Lending from conduit 14 and extending within fitting or? feed conduit 6 is u tubulsr injector member 18, the outer end hf which extends externallyof conduit 14 and is preferably squared or'iformed o polygonal shape to receive a wrench or any other tur 'ng instrun'ient, by means of which said injector member may be adjusted for o purposewhich will hereinafter be apparent. A lock nut- 19 threaded eXt-eriorly of injector member 18 takes against conduit 14 andholds stud unector member 111 fixed position after adjustment. Injector member 18 is provided with a, plurality of lateral spertures 20 which furnish a means of communication betweenthe interior thereof and the conduit 14, and at its opposite end said member is flared as at 2l,,,,said flared portion constituting a valve which cotiperates with a seat 22 formed upon the inner portion of fitting 5. Fitting 5 is rovided with a chamber as at 23, into. which leads branch pipe 3, valve 21 being interposed between the point of entrance of the branch pipe and feed conduit. 6. The outwardly portion of injector member 18 and a olf fitting 5 form a narrow passageway 2e, through which the steam under 'presc from the steam pipe is injected into feed it 6, the injection of the steam operating; to carry into the feed conduit a quantity oi? air which flows upward into the system through drainage opening 15, conduit 14, and thence through injector member 18.

In order that injector member 18 may be moved relatively to fitting 5 as when valve portion 21 is moved relatively to its seat, within the outer end of said fitting is fonned a gland 25, the memhers of which are held in position by a. cup-piece 526 threaded exteriorly or the fitting. By means of this construction, injector member 18 may slide l) tvsard and forward within the fitting 'wh n the valve is opened or closed duringthe operation of the apparatus.

ving thus described the structural fen,-

tur which constitute this embodimentof my invention, vthe operation thereof may understood. Assuming the-ports to be in the position shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, steam under pressure from the train pipe will flow through branch pipe into fit-ting and be injected into feed conduit 6, which a mixture of air and steam to flow through the feed conduit into the radiating system. said vaporous mixture leaving the radiating system through discharge conduit 13 and the water of condensation formed therein discharging thron drain; aperture 15 to the atmosphere. A unccndei'iscd-vupcr in the discharge conduit will again he drown the conduit by the in-jc 1, end again pass through the radio. ing sysoperation will, of course, cause The heatedvspor passing first,

feed conduit .6 will cause-the same to expand, which will tend to further cn large the passageway between valve portion 21 and its seat, and this condition wlll continue ,to exist until the vapor passing through the radiating system and returning through discharge conduit 13 shall beof such temperature as will cause discharge conduit 13 to expand to a degree suflicient to cause valve 21 to be forced against its through seat, thereby shut-ting off the supply of steam When, however, due 4 from the train pipe. to radiation from the system of piping within the car, the temperature of the returning vapor is such as to cause a contraction of dischar e conduit 13, valve 21 will be automatica 1y forced from its seat again admitting steam to the feed conduit. Injector member 18 may be adjusted, as hereinbefore described, to regulate the dimensions of -the injector passageway, whereby such different quantitiesof steam will be utilized as m requiredtto keep'the car at the desired temperature under varying climatic conditions.

It will accordingly be seen that I have provided a vapor heating system which is especially well udaptedv to attain the severalends and objects of my invention in an cfiicient manner, and while the same possesses all the advantages inherent in'vapor heating systems as regards the reduced cost of installation and maintenance, less liability of breakage owing to the fact that only atmospheric pressure is required within the system and the fact that lighter and less exensive radiating pipes may be employed, it as the further advantage of being const-l tuted by comparatively few parts coupled with a greater nicety of regulation.

It will be understood that under normal conditions the adjustment of the valve will be such as will. permit a steady and uniform fiow of steam to be injected'into the feed conduit which, mixing with the injected air, will form a circulating vapor of substantially oven temperature.

-While I have shown my invention as applied to a railway car, 1t is of course obvious that the same may be employed with great facility in many other analogous relations,

although the sgme is particularly adapted in the relation shown.

As many changes above construct-ion and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattor contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. It is also to be understood that the language used in the following claims is intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of could be made in the ing system, and a valve for controlling the injection of s eam into said feed conduit the.

incense radiating system, a feed conduit leading ther'einto, a dischargeconduit leading therefrom, and a valve for controlling the ad mission of steam into said radiating system the operation ot'which is determined by the differential expansion and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits. 1

2.,111 a heating system, in combination,

a radiating system, a feed'conduit leading there-into, a discharge conduit leading therefrom, and means controlled by the differ-- ential expansion and contraction of said feed and discharge. conduits for regulating the amount of steam admitted into said. teed conduit.

3. In a heating system, the combination with a radiating system, of a feed conduit leading thereinto, a source of air supply communicatingwvith said feed conduit, means for injecting steam into said feed conduit, a discharge-conduit for said radiatoperation of which is determined by ditl erential expansion and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits.

4. In a heating system, the combination with a radiating system. 01" a. source of heatsupply, a feed conduitconnecting said source of supply with said radiating system,

means for in ecting steam into said feed conduit, a discharge conduit for said radish in system, anda yalve for controlling the amount of steam injected into said feed conduit the operation of which is determined by differential expansion and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits.

in a heating system, the combination with a radiating system, of a source of steam supply, a feed conduit connecting said source of supply with said radiating system, means for injecting; the steam into said teed conduit, a discharge conduit for said radiating system having a co-efiicient of expansion different from that of said -teed conduit, and a valve for controlling the injection ot'steam into said feed conduitthe operation of which. is controlled by differential expansion and contraction'of said feed and discharge conduits.

6. in a heating system, a radiating lcm. a feed conduit formed of a metal having a relatively low co-eiiicient of expansion leading thereinto, a discharge conduit formed of a metal havinga relatively high co-efiicientof expansion, and a valve for controlling the admission of steam. to said radiating system the operation of Which is determinedjby ditiereiitial .espansion and contraction of the feed and discharge conduits due to the internal heat conditionswithin the radiating system.

7. In a ileating system, in combination, a. radiating system, a steed conduit leading thcreinto, a source of steam supply for said feed conduit, a discharge conduit leading from said radiating system, an injector car riedby said discharge conduit and extended wlthin said feed conduit, and a valve constituted by portions oi said injector and said feed conduit, the differential expansion mud contraction between said feed and dis charge conduits operating to open and close said valve.

8. In heating apparatus, in combination,

'a steam conduit forming a portion of a corn tinuous regulating system. an inlet Valve leading to said conduit and arranged to be controlled in accordance with the dili'crenco in expansion and contraction of two portions of said conduit.

9. in a heating system, the combination with a radiating system, a feed conduit open to the atmosphere leading thereinto, an iiijector extending Within said teed conduit. a discharge conduit, and ayalve constituted by saidinjector and said ieedwnduit adapted to beopened or closed by differential ex pension and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits due to difl'erem'cs in the temperature of the heating medium within the same.

' 10. in a heating system, the combination,- of a radiating system open to the atmosphere, a feed conduit leading into said radiating system, an injector extending into said t'ecd conduit and having a sliding councction therewith, u dischz-ire'e conduit with which said injector has fixed relation. and a valve between said injector and said teed conduit adapted to be opened. or closed by the ditierential expansion and contrzwtion of suidfeed and discharge conduits.

11. in a heating system, the combination of a radiating system open to the atmosphere, a feed conduit leading into said radiating system, an injector extending into said feed conduitand having a sliding con-- ncction therewith, a discl'iarge conduit with which said injector has fixed relation, and a valve comprised by a seat Within said feed conduit, and a, portion of said injector adapted to contact therewith, the operation of said valye being determined by toe ditfcrential eipansion and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits.

12. in heating; apparatus. in 'cmnhiinition, a steam conduit forming a part of a con tinumis regulating system and comprising dili'erent portions of material having dilicrent co-etlicients of expansion, aninlet valve leading to said conduit and arran ed to be controlled in accordance with the difference in expansion and contraction of said portions of said conduit. 13. In heating apparatus, in combination, a steam conduit forming a part of a com, tinuous regulating system and compris ing two connected and substantially parallel' portions, an inlet valve leading to. said can duit and arranged to be-controlled in Qac-- cordance with the difference in expansion and contraction of said portions of said conduit. A i a 14. In heating apparatus, in combination a steam conduit forming a part of a continuous regulating system and having two connected and substantially parallel por- -tions, said portions being respectively of ma- .ment', QmeanS adapte terial I having different co-efiicients of expansion, an inlet valve leading to said con-' duit arran ed to be controlled in accordance with .the Ffl'erence inexpapsion and contraction of said portions of said conduit.

15; In heating apparatus, in combination,

" a radiating system, an injector connected to said radiating s ystem and having an inner portion movable with respect to its outer portion and shaped to vary the opening through one of its assages by such move- 8 to lead steam through, one 6f the passages of said injector on its way to said radiating system, and thermostatic means connecting said injector to said radiating system. and arranged to controlthe relative position of said inner and outer portions of said injector.

16. Inheating apparatus, in combination, a radiating system, an injector connected to a said radiating system and having; its inner portion -movable with.respect to its'outer portion and shaped to vary the opening through one of its passages by such movement, means adapted to lead steam n-ough oneof the assages of said injector, and a conduit lea ing from said radiatin system and connected to one portion of sai injector to move the same as the conduit expands and contracts.

17. In a heating system, the combination I with a radiating system, of a source of heat supply, a feed conduit for the radiating system one end of which leads therein and which has a fixed relation thereto, a. discharge conduit leading from said radiating wistem, one end of which has fixed relation t ereto, the opposite ends of said conduits being helatively movable due to different cb-efiicients of expansion of the metals of which they are constituted, an injector connected with the source of supplyjand lead ing into said feed conduit, and ajvalve controlling the passage of steam through said injector operatable bythe differential expansion and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits.

18. In heating apparatus, in combination,

an injector having an inner portion movable with respect to its outer port-ioniand shaped to vary the opening t rough one of its assages by such movement, means adapted to lead steam through one of the "passages of said injector, "a conduit connected to the inner portion of said injector,

and a second conduit connected to the outer portion thereof, said parts being proportioned to move said inner portion of said r to the .portion upon the other side there-' of, an inlet valve associated with said i115 jector member andarran ed to be controlled in accordance with, the ifierence-in expansion'and contraction ofthe different portions of said conduit. I

20. In a-ear heating system, in combination .with the train pipe, of a radiating circuit located within the car, a feed conduit connected with the train pipe and with said.

radiating circuit, a discharge conduit lead ingfrom said radiating c1rcuit, and a valve operated by differential expansion and contraction of said feed and discharge conduits for controlling the amount of steam admitted into said radiating system.

21. In a car heating system, the combination with the train pipe, of aradiatingcircuit located within the car, a feed conduit connected with the train pipe and said radiating circuit, meansfor injecting steam into said feed conduit, a valve amount of steam injected'fherein, and adischarge conduit, said feed and discharge conor controlling the duits operating through differential expansion and contraction to move said injector and thereby open and close said valve.

22. In a car heating system, the combination with the train pipe, of a radiating system open to the atmosphere and located within the car, a feed conduit connected with .the train pipe and with said radiating system, and open to the atmosphere through its connection with saidradiating system,means for injecting a mixture of steam and air into said conduit, a discharge conduit for said radiati system, and a yalve the operation of whic is determined by difierential expansion and contractionof said feed anddischarge conduits for controlling the amount of steam injected into the said feed conduit. i

In a car heating system, in combina; tion with the train pipe, a radiatin system located within the car, a feed eon uit connected with said radiating system, a dis eeaeeo said feed conduit and having a slic ing con nection therewith, a valve seat formed Withinosaid conduit, and a valve formed at the inner end of said injector member, thedifferential expansion and. contraction bf said feed and discharge conduits, operating to move said injector member to open and close saidvalve in accordance with the internal heat conditions of the radiating system.

' The combination, in aear heating system, of a train pipe, a. radiatiiugsystemi comprising a lmeof connected piping iocated. Within the car, a feed conduit connected with the train pipe and with said piping, a chschziirge commit for said line of connected piping, a conduit connected with said discharge conduit and having an opening communicating with the atmosphere, an injecvfor member having fixed relation with said last-mentioned conduit and connecting the same with said feed conduit, saiddnjector member extending ithin said feed conduit and having a" sliding connection therewith, a'valvc seat formed Within said feed conduit, and'a valve formed at the inner end of said injector member, said feed and 'dis charge conduits being for ned'of metals having different co-eliicients of expansion and constituting a thermostatic device toopen thereby determine the amount of or close said valve in accordance with the internal heatconditions of the system and steam to be injected therein. I

25, In a car heating system, in combination with th trainpipe, a radiating system located Within the car, feed conduit conmad with thetrain' pipe and with'the upper portion of said radiating system, a discharge conduit leading from the lower porlion of said radiating system and discharging inlo the atmosphere, a conduit connect inosaid discharge conduit and said feed coiuluit; said last-mentionedconduit constituting means for injecting steam into said 'l'ovii conduit, and a valve operated through ilillcrcntial expansion and contraction of saidfeed' and discharge conduits adapted to control the operation of said injecting means.

26, In car heating apparatus,-in combiiialion, a radiating conduit adaptedto lead ln-ough one of its passages, an

xilum from a point intermediate the length of the car longitudinally thereof and return i'hc sa'me to a pointad acent the inlet, an

injector positioned .to connect the discharge l'illtl of said conduit jto the sup ly end means adapted to lead live steam into the other assage of said injector, said injector adapt ed to throttle the passa e from the steam supply to the supply en of said conduit by lbc difference in expansion and contraction ol the supply and discharge portions of said 1 n p A V co-efhc1ent of expansion for discharging-the Water of condensatlon from said radiating system,both of said members being open to the atmosphere, an injector interposed be tween the train pipe and said first-mew tinned tubular member, and-a valve for con trSlling the amount/of steam injected theren, the differential expansion and. contractionof said tubular members operating to open and close said valve in accordance with the internal heat conditions of the radiating system.

28. In combination with a car heating sys-- tem, a system of piping arranged in the car and in free connection With the atmosphere, a train pipe adapted to supply a heating medium to said radiating system, a feed c0nduil; interposed between thetrain pipe and the radiating system, a discharge conduit leading therefrom, means for injecting a mixture of steam and air into said conduit, and a valve for cont-rollin the amount of said mixture injected therein, said feed and discharge conduits being formed of-metals of difierent co-efficients of expansion .and operating as a' thermostatic device to regulate the operation of said valve.

29. in a car heating system, the combina-' tion with, thetrain pipe, of a system of radiating pipes arranged Within the car and adapted jito heat the same, a/ train pipe adapted sulpply a heating medium to said radiating? pipes, a valve, interposed between the train pipe and said radiating pipes, a feed conduit interposed between" said valve and said radiating pipes, a discharge con duit leading from saidradiating pipes, said. feed and dischargeconduits being open to the atmosphere, and'means for injecting a mixture of steam and air into said feed conduit, said feed and discharge conduits being formed of metals having different ,cor'efiicients .of'eicpansion and operating as a thermostatic device to open and. close said'valve in accordance with the temperature of the circulating heating medium;

30. In a heating system for railway-cars or like structures, the combination Withthe train pipe,of a system of radiating pipes ar ranged Within the car and adapted to heatthe same, a feed conduit for connecting said. train pipe with the radiating pipes, a discharge, conduit for said radiating pipes adapted to discharge freely into the atmosphere, a tubular injector member connecting said discharge conduit with the feed conduit,

vfeed conduit whereby steam from the train pipe will be injected therein, a valve seat arranged within saidfeed conduit, a valve.- portion formed upon said injector, said feed and discharge conduits being formed respectively of metals of relatively low and relatively high co-efiicients of expansion and constituting a thermostatic device for automatically operating said valve in accordance with the internal heat conditions of the heater, and means for changing the relation of said valve portion with respect to its seat.

31. In a heating system, the combination with a radiating system, of a feed conduit leading thereto, a discharge conduit leading therefrom and a valve for 'eontrolling the admission of steam to said radiating system, said feed and discharge conduits eonstltnting thermostatic actuating mechanism for operat ng said valve.

32. In aheatmg system, the combination lwith a radiating system, of a feed conduit leading thereto, and a discharge conduit leading therefrom, said feed and discharge conduits constituting a thermostat for con trolling the admission of steam to said. radiatingsystem.

In testimony yvhereof I afli'x my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT M. Dixon Witnesses:

G. R. JEWETT, h ELMER E. Amman. 

